TEFL , Assignment semester 4

Name : Amanda muslim desela z 

Nim : 24231025

Subject : TEFL ( Teaching English as a foreign language

A. DEFINITION OF TEFL ( TEACHING ENGLISH AS  A FOREIGN LANGUAGE )

According to expert 1: 

• Author by : Kirsten Colquhoun

• Last Updated : February 27, 2026

"TEFL stands for Teaching English as a Foreign Language. In other words, TEFL is an English instruction for non-native speakers. "

Paraphrase :

" TEFL That is, teaching English to individuals who are not native speakers."

According to expect 2 :

• Author by : John Bentley

• Updated : March 25, 2026

"TEFL" stands for Teaching English as a Foreign Language. It refers to the practice of instructing English to non-native speakers, typically in countries where English is not the primary language. It is often used in the context of “TEFL certification,” which provides the training and credentials you need to get hired to teach English abroad or to teach English online."

Paraphrase :

"TEFL refers to the practice of teaching English to non-native speakers, typically in countries where English is not the primary language; it often involves obtaining a TEFL certificate, which is required to get hired to teach English abroad."

B. Your Own Definition & Examples of EFL and ESL Countries

• Definition according to me :

 " In my personal opinion, TEFL is a way of teaching English to people who live in a country where English is not their primary language."

• 10 examples of countries included in the EFL (English as a foreign language) That is : 

Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Germany, France, Brazil & Turkey

• 10 examples of countries included in the ESL (English as a second language) that is :

Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, Ghana & Uganda

C. Brief History of Language Teaching

1. Language teaching initially used the Grammar Translation Method (GTM), which focused on grammar and translation. Then came the Direct Method, which emphasized the use of direct language without translation. Next came the Audio-Lingual Method (ALM), which used repeated practice to form habits. Now, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is used, focusing on real-life communication. 

(Junaidi Mistar (2014))

2. The history of language teaching shows that teaching methods and methods are constantly evolving with the times. In the past, language teaching often changed according to trends, so it's important to study history to avoid simply following temporary methods. By understanding history, teachers can: understand the development of methods see the strengths and weaknesses of old methods determine more appropriate teaching methods Furthermore, language teaching evolves along with the development of applied linguistics, which continues to change according to the needs of language learning worldwide.

(Richard Smith (2021))

3.Initially, language teaching was influenced by classical languages like Latin. The goal was not communication, but reading and translating texts. This evolved into the Grammar Translation Method (GTM), which focuses on grammar and translation. Then, as communication needs increased, methods began to shift toward more practical ones. Various new methods emerged, attempting to address the weaknesses of older methods. In the 20th century, methods such as the Audio-Lingual Method developed, which uses repetitive practice to build language habits. Subsequently, modern approaches such as Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) emerged, emphasizing real-life communication and the use of language in everyday life. 

(International Conference on Health & Technology (ICHT) )

D. Difference Between Approach and Method in Language Teaching

1.  Differences Between Approach and Method :

• Approach Contains theories/beliefs about language and how to learn it Explains how language is understood Abstract in nature (not directly practical) Also known as a philosophy or basic view 

    Example: “Language is learned through communication” 

• Method Is a plan or way of teaching in class Based on an approach Practical in nature (can be implemented) Organizes the sequence of materials, activities, and teaching techniques 

    Examples: discussions, role plays, speaking practice

(Edward M. Anthony (1963))

2.The Difference Between Approach and Method 

• Approach Is a collection of assumptions/theories about language and how to learn it Is abstract (not directly practiced in class) 

     Explains the basic views or philosophy in language teaching 

> Bottom line: Approach = what we believe about language and language learning 

• Method Is a plan or teaching steps based on an approach Is practical and can be applied in class Arranges how to deliver material, the sequence of learning, and activities 

> Bottom line: Method = a way of teaching based on theory (approach) 

(Jack C. Richards dan Theodore S. Rodgers)

3. The Difference Between Approach and Method 

• Approach Is a perspective or theoretical basis for the learning process General and conceptual in nature Becomes the foundation for determining teaching methods 

>Bottom line: Approach = a basic view of how learning occurs 

• Method Is a concrete way or step in teaching Used to implement the approach in the classroom Practical and operational in nature 

> Bottom line: Method = a method used to implement learning

(Douglas Brown)

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Anthony, E. M. (1963). Approach, method, and technique. ELT Journal, XVII(2), 63–67. 

https://www.scribd.com/document/966323163/Anthony-1963-Approach-Method-and-Technique

Brown, H. D. (2007). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy (3rd ed.). Pearson Education. 

https://books.google.co.id/books?id=HrhkAwAAQBAJ

Huda, N. (n.d.). A study on English teachers' teaching – Approaches, methods, and techniques. Neliti. 

https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/65874-ID-none.pdf

Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

Scribd. (n.d.). Understanding approach, method, and technique. 

https://www.scribd.com/document/711113522/approach-method-technique

Smith, R. (2021). History of language teaching and applied linguistics. Warwick University. 

https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/al/people/smith/smith_r/smith2021_chapter_historyoflanguageteachingandap.pdf

TESOL Certification: Your Path To Teaching English Abroad And Online. (2026). Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia.

The TEFL Org. (n.d.). What is TEFL and what is TEFL certification? [FAQs answered]. Diakses dari https://share.google/tCE9lWoxBa35MDr2R

Uniconflix. (n.d.). The history of foreign language teaching methodology and its stage of development. 

http://uniconflix.com/index.php/ICHT/article/download/222/118

Zainuddin, H., Yahya, N., Morales-Jones, C. A., & Ariza, E. N. (2011). Fundamentals of teaching English to speakers of other languages in K-12 contexts (3rd ed.). Kendall Hunt Publishing.